A Framework for Lifecycle Digitalisation

Digital Healthcare Engineering

Keeping aging ships and offshore structures safe across their entire service life.

DHE is a modular framework that connects real-time structural monitoring, digital twins, AI-driven diagnostics, and predictive maintenance into a single, continuous system — applied to ships, offshore wind turbines, jacket platforms, subsea pipelines, and beyond.

What is Digital Healthcare Engineering?

DHE treats engineering structures the way modern medicine treats a patient: through continuous monitoring, accurate diagnosis, and timely intervention.

Ships and offshore structures operate in some of the most demanding environments on earth — subjected to corrosion, fatigue cracking, and mechanical damage across decades of service, often in remote locations far from inspection and maintenance facilities.

Conventional maintenance strategies, based on scheduled dry-docking and reactive repair, are increasingly unable to keep pace with the scale and complexity of aging infrastructure. Digital Healthcare Engineering addresses this gap by giving every structure a continuous, data-driven health picture — from sensors in the field, through analytics on shore, to predictive maintenance decisions well before failure.

Just as a doctor monitors vital signs, diagnoses early, and prescribes treatment in time — DHE does the same for steel structures at sea.

Corrosion wastage

Metal loss from seawater exposure progressively reduces structural capacity and is difficult to quantify without continuous monitoring.

Fatigue cracking

Cyclic loading from waves, wind, and operational forces accumulates damage that can propagate undetected without real-time sensing.

Mechanical damage

Impact events, denting, and deformation alter structural performance in ways that static inspection intervals cannot reliably capture.

Remote operation

Offshore structures are far from shore and human expertise, making continuous digital oversight essential rather than optional.

How DHE works

The framework is modular by design — each component can be developed, deployed, and validated independently while feeding the whole system. Together they form a closed loop from field sensing to maintenance action.

1

Real-Time Monitoring & Digitisation

In-service measurement and digitisation of structural health parameters using portable and fixed sensors.

2

Secure Data Transmission

Reliable transfer of field data to land-based analytics centres, including via satellite link from remote locations.

3

Digital-Twin Analytics

Advanced structural simulation and data analytics using a digital twin of the physical asset.

4

AI-Driven Diagnostics

Machine learning and AI-driven assessment of structural condition, with automated recommendations for remedial action.

5

Predictive Health Analysis

Forecasting future condition to plan inspection and maintenance optimally over the remaining service life.

Where DHE is being applied

Since its proposal the DHE framework has been extended and applied across a growing range of marine and offshore asset classes by researchers at UCL and collaborating institutions worldwide.

💨

Monopile Offshore Wind Turbines

Ageing monopile foundations under combined wind, wave, and rotor loading — including corrosion, fatigue, and storm-condition assessments.

🚢

Ships & Containerships

Hull structural health monitoring, digital twin modelling, and predictive maintenance for ageing commercial vessels including containerships.

🏗️

Jacket-Type Offshore Platforms

Safety and sustainability assessment of ageing jacket platforms in extreme weather, incorporating DHE diagnostics and maintenance planning.

🔵

Subsea Pipelines

State-of-the-art reviews and data-driven methods for DHE-based monitoring and maintenance of ageing offshore pipeline infrastructure.

🏭

Land-Based LNG Tanks

Feasibility assessment of DHE for ageing LNG storage tanks in seismic environments, extending the framework onshore.

👷

Seafarer Health & Well-Being

Human Digital Healthcare Engineering — applying the same framework principles to monitoring and improving the health of seafarers and offshore workers.

Field testing and digital twins

Digital twin simulation of an ageing monopile offshore wind turbine
Digital twin simulation within the DHE framework for an ageing monopile-type offshore wind turbine. High-fidelity structural response modelling used to assess limit states under combined wind, wave, and rotor blade loading.
In-service damage monitoring using portable ultrasonic sensor and tablet
Module 1 in the field. Portable ultrasonic sensing with tablet-based inspection workflow for in-situ damage detection and digitisation.
On-site measurements of corrosion, cracking, denting and tablet interface
On-site measurement and digitisation workflow. (a) corrosion wastage, (b) root cracking, (c) mechanical denting, and (d) tablet interface for real-time damage encoding and digital-twin updating.

Application to containership hull structures

The framework has also been applied to ageing containership hulls, demonstrated on the container ship Ning Yuan (Ningbo) by Hyeong-Jin Kim within the UCL research group.

Target containership Ning Yuan in port
Target ship: Ning Yuan. In-service container ship used for field validation of the DHE monitoring modules.
Group work — H.-J. Kim, UCL
Digital twin stress visualisation of the container ship hull
Digital twin of the containership hull. Full-hull structural response model for predictive health analysis.
Group work — H.-J. Kim, UCL

Key DHE publications

The framework was first proposed in 2021 and has since grown into an active international research field, with studies spanning ships, offshore wind, jacket platforms, LNG tanks, pipelines, and seafarer health.

Originating & core framework work

2021

A State-of-the-Art on Digital Twin Modelling for Lifetime Healthcare of Ships and Offshore Structures

ICSOS 2021 — International Conference on Ships and Offshore Structures, Hamburg, Germany.

Abdulaziz Sindi, Giles Thomas, Jeom Kee Paik

Conference Paper
2024

Advancing Digital Healthcare Engineering for Ageing Ships and Offshore Structures: An In-Depth Review and Feasibility Analysis

Data-Centric Engineering (Cambridge University Press), Vol. 5, e18. doi:10.1017/dce.2024.14

Abdulaziz Sindi, Hyeong Jin Kim, Young Jun Yang, Giles Thomas, Jeom Kee Paik

Journal Article

Applications and extensions

2024

Effect of Corrosion Wastage on the Limit States of Monopile-Type Offshore Wind Turbines Under Combined Wind and Rotor Blade Rotation

Materials and Corrosion (Wiley). doi:10.1002/maco.202414378

Abdulaziz Sindi, Hyeong Jin Kim, Igor A. Chaves, Jeom Kee Paik

Journal Article
2025

Digital Healthcare Engineering System for Enhancing the Safety and Sustainability of Ageing Monopile Offshore Wind Turbines in Storm Conditions

SNAME Maritime Convention 2025, Norfolk, VA. doi:10.5957/SMC-2025-049

Abdulaziz Sindi, Jeom Kee Paik

Conference Paper
2025

Enhancing the Safety and Sustainability of Aging Jacket-Type Offshore Wind Turbines through Digital Healthcare Engineering: A Literature Review

Ships and Offshore Structures, 2025.

Xie Y, Kim HJ, Yin Y, et al.

Journal Article
2025

Human Digital Healthcare Engineering for Seafarers and Offshore Workers: A Comprehensive Review

Systems, 2025, 13:335.

Cui M-X, He K-H, Wang F, et al.

Journal Article
2025

A Digital Twin Model within the Framework of a Digital Healthcare Engineering System for Aging Containership Hull Structures

Ships and Offshore Structures, 22 May 2025. doi:10.1080/17445302.2025.2505827

Hyeong Jin Kim, Jeom Kee Paik

Journal Article
2026

Digital Healthcare Engineering for Enhancing the Safety and Sustainability of Aging Jacket Platforms: A Comprehensive Review

Safety Science, 2026, 199:107175.

Liu K, Cai B, Xie Y, et al.

Journal Article

For the full publication record including under-review manuscripts see azizsindi.github.io or the UCL Marine Safety and DHE Group.

Developed at UCL

The modular framework for lifecycle digitalisation at the core of Digital Healthcare Engineering was first proposed by Abdulaziz Faisal Sindi during his doctoral research at University College London. Beginning with his 2021 conference paper, the framework has developed into DHE and expanded into an active research programme spanning multiple asset classes and institutions.

Abdulaziz is a PhD researcher in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at UCL, working at the intersection of structural integrity, digital twins, and AI-driven diagnostics for marine and offshore infrastructure. His thesis applies the DHE framework specifically to ageing monopile offshore wind turbines.

The work is supported by a full doctoral scholarship from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, administered through the Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau in London, and has been recognised with a Certificate of Innovation from the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London.

7
Publications from the doctoral programme
15+
Studies applying and extending the DHE framework internationally
2021
Year of the originating framework paper
UCL
Marine Safety and Digital Healthcare Engineering Group